Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania
presidential history
Presidential margin, 1892–2024
Democratic minus Republican, by election
| Year | Margin (D minus R) |
|---|---|
| 1892 | −6.4% |
| 1896 | −24.7% |
| 1900 | −24.6% |
| 1904 | −40.7% |
| 1908 | −23.4% |
| 1912 | +10.0% |
| 1916 | −14.0% |
| 1920 | −38.6% |
| 1924 | −46.3% |
| 1928 | −31.4% |
| 1932 | −5.5% |
| 1936 | +16.0% |
| 1940 | +6.9% |
| 1944 | +2.8% |
| 1948 | −4.0% |
| 1952 | −5.9% |
| 1956 | −13.2% |
| 1960 | +2.3% |
| 1964 | +30.2% |
| 1968 | +3.6% |
| 1972 | −20.0% |
| 1976 | +2.7% |
| 1980 | −7.1% |
| 1984 | −7.4% |
| 1988 | −2.3% |
| 1992 | +9.0% |
| 1996 | +9.2% |
| 2000 | +4.2% |
| 2004 | +2.5% |
| 2008 | +10.3% |
| 2012 | +5.4% |
| 2016 | −0.7% |
| 2020 | +1.2% |
| 2024 | −1.7% |
DemocraticRepublican
34 presidential elections
| Year | Won | Democratic | Republican | Other | Margin | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | 48.5%Harris3,423,042 | 50.2%Trump3,543,308 | 0.5%Stein34,538 | 7,058,732 | ||
| D | 50.0%Biden3,458,229 | 48.8%Trump3,377,674 | 1.1%Jorgensen79,380 | 6,915,283 | ||
| R | 47.5%Clinton2,926,458 | 48.2%Trump2,970,742 | 2.4%Johnson146,715 | 6,166,938 | ||
| D | 52.0%Obama2,990,274 | 46.6%Romney2,680,434 | 0.9%Johnson49,991 | 5,755,620 | ||
| D | 54.7%Obama3,276,363 | 44.3%McCain2,655,885 | 0.7%Nader42,977 | 5,995,137 | ||
| D | 51.0%Kerry2,938,095 | 48.5%Bush2,793,847 | 0.4%Badnarik21,185 | 5,766,120 | ||
| D | 50.6%Gore2,485,967 | 46.4%Bush2,281,127 | 2.1%Nader103,392 | 4,913,027 | ||
| D | 49.2%Clinton2,215,819 | 40.0%Dole1,801,169 | 9.6%Perot430,984 | 4,501,307 | ||
| D | 45.1%Clinton2,239,164 | 36.1%Bush1,791,841 | 18.2%Perot902,667 | 4,959,810 | ||
| R | 48.4%Dukakis2,194,944 | 50.7%Bush2,300,087 | 0.4%McCarthy19,158 | 4,536,251 | ||
| R | 46.0%Mondale2,228,131 | 53.3%Reagan2,584,323 | 0.4%Johnson21,628 | 4,844,903 | ||
| R | 42.5%Carter1,937,540 | 49.6%Reagan2,261,872 | 6.4%Anderson292,921 | 4,561,501 | ||
| D | 50.4%Carter2,328,677 | 47.7%Ford2,205,604 | 1.1%McCarthy50,584 | 4,620,787 | ||
| R | 39.1%McGovern1,796,951 | 59.1%Nixon2,714,521 | 1.8%Schmitz80,634 | 4,592,106 | ||
| D | 47.6%Humphrey2,259,405 | 44.0%Nixon2,090,017 | 8.4%Wallace398,506 | 4,747,928 | ||
| D | 64.9%Johnson3,130,954 | 34.7%Goldwater1,673,657 | 0.4%Hass18,079 | 4,822,690 | ||
| D | 51.1%Kennedy2,556,282 | 48.7%Nixon2,439,956 | 0.2%Byrd10,303 | 5,006,541 | ||
| R | 43.3%Stevenson1,981,769 | 56.5%Eisenhower2,585,252 | 0.2%Andrews9,482 | 4,576,503 | ||
| R | 46.9%Stevenson2,146,269 | 52.7%Eisenhower2,415,789 | 0.4%Hallinan18,911 | 4,580,969 | ||
| R | 46.9%Truman1,752,426 | 50.9%Dewey1,902,197 | 2.2%Thurmond80,725 | 3,735,348 | ||
| D | 51.1%Roosevelt1,940,479 | 48.4%Dewey1,835,054 | 0.5%Thomas19,260 | 3,794,793 | ||
| D | 53.2%Roosevelt2,171,035 | 46.3%Willkie1,889,848 | 0.4%Thomas17,831 | 4,078,714 | ||
| D | 56.9%Roosevelt2,353,987 | 40.8%Landon1,690,200 | 2.3%Lemke94,249 | 4,138,436 | ||
| R | 45.3%Roosevelt1,295,948 | 50.8%Hoover1,453,540 | 3.8%Thomas109,636 | 2,859,124 | ||
| R | 33.9%Smith1,067,586 | 65.2%Hoover2,055,382 | 0.9%Thomas27,644 | 3,150,612 | ||
| R | 19.1%Davis409,192 | 65.3%Coolidge1,401,481 | 15.6%La Follette334,046 | 2,144,719 | ||
| R | 27.2%Cox503,843 | 65.8%Harding1,218,216 | 7.0%Debs130,557 | 1,852,616 | ||
| R | 40.2%Wilson521,784 | 54.3%Hughes703,823 | 5.5%Benson71,685 | 1,297,292 | ||
| O | 32.5%Wilson395,637 | 22.4%Taft273,360 | 45.1%Roosevelt548,739 | 1,217,736 | ||
| R | 35.4%Bryan448,782 | 58.8%Taft745,779 | 5.8%Debs72,889 | 1,267,450 | ||
| R | 27.3%Parker337,998 | 68.0%Roosevelt840,949 | 4.7%Debs57,791 | 1,236,738 | ||
| R | 36.2%Bryan424,232 | 60.7%McKinley712,665 | 3.1%Woolley36,313 | 1,173,210 | ||
| R | 36.3%Bryan433,228 | 61.0%McKinley728,300 | 2.7%Palmer32,827 | 1,194,355 | ||
| R | 45.1%Cleveland452,264 | 51.4%Harrison516,011 | 3.5%Weaver34,735 | 1,003,010 |
2026 election
On the ballot
Governor
Josh ShapironomineeStacy Garritynominee
Incumbent Gov. Josh Shapiro (D) is seeking a second term and won the Democratic primary unopposed. State Treasurer Stacy Garrity won the Republican primary unopposed and would be Pennsylvania's first female governor. Minor-party general-election names (e.g., Libertarian) were not confirmed against an authoritative source and are omitted.
Source · Akashic 2026 forecast.
Congressional elections · 514 House races · 17 Senate races
U.S. House
| Year | Seats won | D % | R % | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D 7 · R 10 | 49.0% | 51.0% | 6,819,484 | |
| D 9 · R 8 | 47.3% | 52.5% | 5,152,001 | |
| D 9 · R 9 | 49.4% | 50.6% | 6,779,307 | |
| D 9 · R 9 | 55.0% | 44.8% | 4,929,875 |
U.S. Senate
| Year | Won | Democratic | Republican | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | R | 48.6%3,384,180 | 48.8%3,399,295 | 6,963,137 |
| 2022 | D | 51.2%2,751,012 | 46.3%2,487,260 | 5,368,021 |
| 2018 | D | 55.6%2,777,680 | 42.7%2,134,848 | 4,994,643 |
| 2016 | R | 47.3%2,865,012 | 48.8%2,951,702 | 6,051,856 |
| 2012 | D | 53.7%3,021,364 | 44.6%2,509,132 | 5,627,422 |
| 2010 | R | 49.0%1,948,716 | 51.0%2,028,945 | 3,977,661 |
| 2006 | D | 58.7%2,392,984 | 41.3%1,684,778 | 4,077,762 |
| 2004 | R | 42.0%2,334,126 | 52.6%2,925,080 | 5,558,525 |
| 2000 | R | 45.5%2,154,908 | 52.4%2,481,962 | 4,735,116 |
| 1998 | R | 34.8%1,028,839 | 61.3%1,814,180 | 2,957,499 |
| 1994 | R | 46.9%1,648,481 | 49.4%1,735,691 | 3,513,112 |
| 1992 | R | 46.3%2,224,966 | 49.1%2,358,125 | 4,802,410 |
| 1988 | R | 32.4%1,416,764 | 66.5%2,901,715 | 4,366,598 |
| 1986 | R | 42.9%1,448,219 | 56.4%1,906,537 | 3,378,226 |
| 1982 | R | 39.2%1,412,965 | 59.3%2,136,418 | 3,604,108 |
| 1980 | R | 48.0%2,122,391 | 50.5%2,230,404 | 4,418,042 |
| 1976 | R | 46.8%2,126,977 | 52.4%2,381,891 | 4,546,353 |
Pennsylvania decided 2024 — Trump by 1.7 points on seven million ballots, a 2.9-point move from Biden’s win four years before.
- The tipping-point state
- D+1.2 (2020) → R+1.7 (2024) — a 2.9-pt move to Trump, the largest battleground’s 19 electoral votes · MIT Election Lab
- Bluest and reddest
- Philadelphia D+58.8; Fulton County R+72.6 · MIT Election Lab 2024
- Philadelphia and the collar
- Delaware D+23.7, Montgomery D+22.8, Chester D+14.5, Bucks R+0.1; Allegheny (Pittsburgh) D+20.3 · MIT Election Lab 2024
- An industrial county moves right
- Luzerne (Wilkes-Barre): D+4.8 (2012) → R+19.2 (2024), a 24-pt shift · MIT Election Lab
- A county on the lake flips back
- Erie: D+16.0 (2012) → R+1.0 (2024), Obama → Trump → Biden → Trump · MIT Election Lab
- Governor race in 2026
- Gov. Josh Shapiro (D) seeks a 2nd term vs State Treasurer Stacy Garrity (R), both unopposed in the primary · Akashic 2026 forecast
Political twins — states
The states whose fingerprint — 2000–2024 trajectory, demographics, ancestry, religion — sits closest to this one, and why.
New York
New York
60.0twin score
population scaleItalian ancestry% Evangelical≠ 12-yr trend
New Jersey
New Jersey
56.9twin score
population scale2004 marginItalian ancestry≠ median income
Wisconsin
Wisconsin
55.7twin score
% Catholic2004 margin% Latino≠ Italian ancestry
Twin score (0–100) = weighted cosine between tier-standardized fingerprints: presidential margins 2000–2024 with 12-yr trend and elasticity, ACS income, age, education, population and race, top reported ancestries, and religious adherence — chips name the closest-shared dimensions and the widest gap. Re-weight the groups in the twins explorer.
Compare two places, side by side
Twelve curated comparisons line up election history, demographics, and the divergence story for two places at a glance. Browse all comparisons →
Cite this page
All citations released under CC BY 4.0. Attribution: Akashic Intelligence.
Pennsylvania. Akashic. https://akashic.app/state/PA/. Accessed May 20, 2026. License: CC BY 4.0.
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Largest cities in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania at the ballot boxAll elections →
Places within Pennsylvania
Frequently asked questions
How did Pennsylvania vote in 2024?
In 2024, Pennsylvania voted Republican by 1.7 points (R+1.7), carried by the Republican candidate. Out of 7,058,732 votes cast, 3,423,042 went Democratic and 3,543,308 went Republican.
When did Pennsylvania last vote Democratic?
The most recent presidential election in which Pennsylvania voted Democratic was 2020.
How many people live in Pennsylvania?
Pennsylvania has a population of 13,018,639 according to the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates from the US Census Bureau.
What is the median household income in Pennsylvania?
Median household income in Pennsylvania is $77,971 — below the national median of $80,734. The Pennsylvania state median is $77,971.
What is the political history of Pennsylvania?
Akashic tracks 34 presidential elections in Pennsylvania from 1892 to 2024. Of those, 14 went Democratic and 19 went Republican.