Participation measured against the same-year citizen voting-age population. Audited cycles count total general-election participants — ballots or participating voters, not presidential candidate votes. Cycles before 2016 predate that series and are derived from the certified presidential returns instead; they are marked everywhere they appear and are excluded from the figures below.
2004–20248 cycles · 5 audited
2024 turnout
85.5%11,081 participants ÷ 12,964 CVAP
2020→2022 drop-off
+8.9 ptsHigh-turnout, durable
Drop-off vs state
-6.2 ptsPositive means a larger decline than the statewide pattern
Mechanical 2026
76.4%–76.5%Recent-cycle and two-cycle persistence scenarios; not a forecast
Participation by cycle
Presidential Midterm Derived, pre-2016
0%20%40%60%80%100%
69.0%
74.0%
20042008201220162018202020222024
Select a presidential cycle to show it on the map and results ledger above.
Cycle
Participants
CVAP
Turnout
Series
Quality
11,081
12,964 ± 639
85.5%
Audited
E/A
2022Mid
9,593
12,964 ± 684
74.0%
Audited
E/A
11,094
13,377 ± 721
82.9%
Audited
E/A
2018Mid
9,125
13,226 ± 465
69.0%
Audited
E/A
10,185
13,038 ± 462
78.1%
Audited
E/A
9,936
12,931
76.8%
Derived
—
9,361
12,159
77.0%
Derived
—
9,160
11,387 extrapolated
80.4%
Derived
—
Sources and methods
Audited cycles (2016, 2018, 2020, 2022, 2024) count total general-election participants against the same-year CVAP special tabulation, each cell carrying its own numerator and denominator quality grade. Derived cycles (2004, 2008, 2012) come from the certified presidential returns on this page over the ACS 5-year CVAP series, so they measure presidential votes cast rather than ballots — a floor on participation. Where a derived cycle predates the ACS its denominator is extrapolated rather than read, and says so on its own line below. They are shown for the longer arc and are excluded from the drop-off, excess-drop-off, and 2026 scenario figures above.
2024: numerator source 160, denominator source 157; estimated total ballots; preferred-county:block-reference-presidential-or-cvap-weight:v2; allocation share 100.0%; series 323/229.
2022: numerator source 160, denominator source 157; estimated total ballots; preferred-county:block-reference-presidential-or-cvap-weight:v2; allocation share 100.0%; series 322/184.
2020: numerator source 160, denominator source 157; estimated total ballots; preferred-county:block-reference-presidential-or-cvap-weight:v2; allocation share 100.0%; series 321/4.
2018: numerator source 160, denominator source 157; estimated total ballots; preferred-county:block-reference-presidential-or-cvap-weight:v2; allocation share 100.0%; series 320/139.
2016: numerator source 160, denominator source 157; estimated total ballots; preferred-county:block-reference-presidential-or-cvap-weight:v2; allocation share 100.0%; series 319/133.
2012 (derived): Certified presidential returns · ACS 5-year CVAP (B05003); presidential votes cast — a floor on participation, not a ballot count.
2008 (derived): Certified presidential returns · ACS 5-year CVAP (B05003); presidential votes cast — a floor on participation, not a ballot count.
2004 (derived): Certified presidential returns · extrapolated CVAP denominator; presidential votes cast — a floor on participation, not a ballot count; 2004 predates the ACS, so the denominator is a linear back-extrapolation from the 2008 and 2012 CVAP values, not a read figure.
presidential history
Party record book
Jenison, MI · the strongest Democratic and Republican presidential performances recorded here, measured three ways.
2004–2024 · 6 presidential cycles
Highest vote share
Largest share of the presidential candidate vote cast here.
Democratic
Kamala Harris2024
33.8%
3,715 votes · R+30.7
Runner-up · Joe Biden, 2020 · 32.8%
Republican
George W. Bush2004
77.3%
7,081 votes · R+55.9
Runner-up · Mitt Romney, 2012 · 72.9%
Most votes
Largest number of votes cast for the party’s presidential nominee here.
Democratic
Kamala Harris2024
3,715votes
33.8% of the vote · R+30.7
Runner-up · Joe Biden, 2020 · 3,597 votes
Republican
Mitt Romney2012
7,241votes
72.9% of the vote · R+47.2
Runner-up · Donald Trump, 2020 · 7,200 votes
Best relative to the U.S.
This Place’s margin against the national margin in the same election — positive when it leaned toward the party more than the country did.
Democratic
Kamala Harris2024
−29.2pts D vs U.S.
Place R+30.7 · U.S. R+1.5
Runner-up · Joe Biden, 2020 · −37.3 pts
Republican
George W. Bush2004
+53.5pts R vs U.S.
Place R+55.9 · U.S. R+2.5
Runner-up · Mitt Romney, 2012 · +51.0 pts
U.S. House elections · 2 House
Senate and governor results are in the Office selector at the top of this page.
U.S. House
Each row shows U.S. House votes counted inside this Place. “Vote lead” is the local lead here, not necessarily the winner of the full contest.
Jenison · which candidate this place backed in each party’s presidential nominating contest, cycle by cycle. A primary is a contest inside one party, so it has no Democratic–Republican margin and is not part of the general-election record above.
Akashic reports votes cast, not delegates awarded. The two can disagree: Clinton led the 2008 national primary popular vote by less than half a point and did not win the nomination.
Primary returns are published at county grain. The figures below are Ottawa County, Michigan, the county containing Jenison — Jenison’s own primary vote sits inside those totals and is not separately reported.
Presidential nominating contests in Jenison, by party and cycle.
○no contest record — Akashic holds no result for that party and cycle here. It is not a claim that no contest was held. Telling apart a contest that was cancelled, one that went uncontested, and one simply not yet ingested needs a nominating-contest calendar, which is a separate ingest from results and does not exist yet.
Republican presidential primaries are not yet ingested — the Republican series runs from 1856 and is in scope. The row is kept so its absence is visible: a Democratic-only panel would otherwise read as though no one else held a contest.
Akashic carries 10 states for 2012 and 3 states for 2024. Cycles in which an incumbent president seeks renomination are thin by nature — few states run a contested primary — so a sparse column is politics, not a hole in the record.
County returns carry a leader and a lead over the runner-up, and nothing more. The full candidate field with vote shares is published at state grain — follow a cycle above to the state contest for it.
Jenison sits in Ottawa County, one of Michigan's most reliably conservative corners, where Dutch Reformed heritage has shaped civic culture and voting patterns for generations — the county backed the 2020 Republican presidential nominee by roughly 40 points.
Across the recorded series it reached a Republican high of 55.9 points in 2004. Between 2020 and 2024 the city moved 2.1 points toward the Democratic candidate; the 2024 margin was 30.7 points.
A population of 17,582, a 95% non-Hispanic-white share, and a median household income of $89,593 describe the city. The city's voting pattern over the last decade is most similar to that of Hudsonville and Byron Center.
Akashic
Political twins — cities
The cities whose fingerprint — 2000–2024 trajectory, demographics, ancestry, religion — sits closest to this one, and why.
Twin score (0–100) = weighted cosine between tier-standardized fingerprints: presidential margins 2000–2024 with 12-yr trend and elasticity, ACS income, age, education, population and race, top reported ancestries, and religious adherence — chips name the closest-shared dimensions and the widest gap. Re-weight the groups in the twins explorer.
In 2024, Jenison, Michigan voted Republican by 30.7 points (R+30.7), carried by the Republican candidate. Out of 10,979 votes cast, 3,715 went Democratic and 7,087 went Republican.
How many people live in Jenison, Michigan?
Jenison, Michigan has a population of 17,582 according to the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates from the US Census Bureau.
What is the median household income in Jenison, Michigan?
Median household income in Jenison, Michigan is $89,593 — above the national median of $80,734. The Michigan state median is $72,875.
What is the political history of Jenison, Michigan?
Akashic tracks 6 presidential elections in Jenison, Michigan from 2004 to 2024. Of those, 0 went Democratic and 6 went Republican.
