HarrisDemocratic61.2%2,126,518TrumpRepublican36.0%1,251,303SteinGreen-Rainbow Party0.8%26,545
D+25.2- Lead
- 875,215
- Total
- 3,473,668
- vs nation
- D+26.7
- Turnout
- 68.1%
Key facts
- 2024 presidential margin
- D+25.2MIT Election Lab
- Population
- 7,044,0562024 5-year
- Population density
- 903 / sq mi2024 5-year · TIGER/Line
- Land area
- 7,801 sq miTIGER/Line
- Median household income
- $103,9602024 5-year
- White (non-Hispanic)
- 66.6%2024 5-year
- Black
- 6.4%2024 5-year
- Hispanic / Latino
- 13.3%2024 5-year
- Peak Democratic margin
- D+52.7 in 1964MIT Election Lab
- Peak Republican margin
- R+43.1 in 1896MIT Election Lab
- Most similar
- Rhode Island, RI · twin score 75.8
Midterm durability
Total general-election participants divided by same-year citizen voting-age population. These are total ballots or participating voters—not presidential candidate votes.
- 2024 total turnout
- 68.1%3,512,930 participants ÷ 5,155,254 CVAP
- 2020→2022 drop-off
- +23.6 ptsPresidential-dependent
- Drop-off versus state
- 0.0 ptsPositive means a larger decline than the statewide pattern
- Mechanical 2026 scenario
- 44.5%–49.5%Recent-cycle and two-cycle persistence scenarios; not a forecast
| Election | Participants | CVAP | Turnout | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 · Presidential | 3,378,801 | 4,887,325 | 69.1% | B/A |
| 2018 · Midterm | 2,753,623 | 4,964,686 | 55.5% | B/A |
| 2020 · Presidential | 3,658,005 | 5,030,986 | 72.7% | B/A |
| 2022 · Midterm | 2,511,460 | 5,117,162 | 49.1% | B/A |
| 2024 · Presidential | 3,512,930 | 5,155,254 | 68.1% | B/A |
Sources and methods
- 2016: numerator source 158, denominator source 157; total voters participating; eavs-f1a-state-v1:observed:aggregated; allocation share 0.0%; series 276/110.
- 2018: numerator source 158, denominator source 157; total voters participating; eavs-f1a-state-v1:observed:aggregated; allocation share 0.0%; series 279/137.
- 2020: numerator source 158, denominator source 157; total voters participating; eavs-f1a-state-v1:observed:aggregated; allocation share 0.0%; series 282/1.
- 2022: numerator source 158, denominator source 157; total voters participating; eavs-f1a-state-v1:observed:aggregated; allocation share 0.0%; series 285/182.
- 2024: numerator source 158, denominator source 157; total voters participating; eavs-f1a-state-v1:observed:aggregated; allocation share 0.0%; series 288/227.
presidential history
Party record book
Massachusetts · the strongest Democratic and Republican presidential performances recorded here, measured three ways.
1892–2024 · 34 presidential cycles
Highest vote share
Largest share of the presidential candidate vote cast here.
Democratic
Lyndon B. Johnson1964
76.2%
1,786,422 votes · D+52.7
Runner-up · Joe Biden, 2020 · 65.6%
Republican
William McKinley1896
69.5%
278,976 votes · R+43.1
Runner-up · Warren G. Harding, 1920 · 68.5%
Most votes
Largest number of votes cast for the party’s presidential nominee here.
Democratic
Joe Biden2020
2,382,202votes
65.6% of the vote · D+33.5
Runner-up · Kamala Harris, 2024 · 2,126,518 votes
Republican
Dwight D. Eisenhower1956
1,393,197votes
59.3% of the vote · R+18.9
Runner-up · Ronald Reagan, 1984 · 1,310,936 votes
Best relative to the U.S.
This Place’s margin against the national margin in the same election — positive when it leaned toward the party more than the country did.
Democratic
George McGovern1972
+32.1pts D vs U.S.
Place D+9.0 · U.S. R+23.2
Runner-up · Hubert Humphrey, 1968 · +30.8 pts
Republican
William McKinley1896
+37.1pts R vs U.S.
Place R+43.1 · U.S. R+6.1
Runner-up · William H. Taft, 1912 · +16.0 pts
2026 election
On the ballot
Governorno nominee yet
Maura Healeypresumptive nomineeMichael MinogueBrian Shortsleeve
Incumbent Maura Healey (D) is running for re-election and is effectively unopposed for the Democratic nomination (presumptive). Primary is September 1, 2026 (not yet held). On the GOP side, the April state convention endorsed Michael Minogue (~70%+) and qualified both Minogue and Brian Shortsleeve for the ballot while eliminating earlier frontrunner Mike Kennealy; Minogue is the frontrunner but the primary is still contested.
U.S. Senateno nominee yet
John Deatonpresumptive nomineeEd MarkeySeth MoultonNathan Bech
September 1, 2026 primary not yet held. Incumbent Ed Markey (D) is running for a third full term and faces a genuinely competitive primary challenge from Rep. Seth Moulton (polls tightened to ~5 pts by May 2026), so neither is a cleared-field frontrunner. On the GOP side, John Deaton is the cleared-field presumptive nominee (MassGOP-endorsed); Nathan Bech is a minor declared challenger. Race rated Safe Democratic.
U.S. House elections · 254 House
Senate and governor results are in the Office selector at the top of this page.
U.S. House
| Year | Seats won | D % | R % | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D 9 | 67.9% | 8.7% | 3,512,930 | |
| D 9 | 65.2% | 28.1% | 2,511,461 | |
| D 9 | 74.6% | 21.0% | 3,326,658 | |
| D 9 | 78.2% | 20.0% | 2,485,081 |
voter registration
Registered voters
By party of registration, over time
Party registration · 2025D+17.4
Presidential vote · 2024D+25.2
Registration leans Democratic; the presidential vote runs 7.8 points more Democratic than the rolls.
5,025,826 registered voters · 2025
domestic migration
Who moves in and out
Net domestic migration over time
−33,340 net domestic migration · 2025
20112025
Net −307,623 over 2011–2025 · gain loss
| Year | Net domestic migration |
|---|---|
| 2011 | −5,472 |
| 2012 | −7,745 |
| 2013 | −3,094 |
| 2014 | −10,782 |
| 2015 | −22,573 |
| 2016 | −30,169 |
| 2017 | −25,009 |
| 2018 | −27,223 |
| 2019 | −30,274 |
| 2021 | −9,433 |
| 2022 | −47,954 |
| 2023 | −35,360 |
| 2024 | −19,195 |
| 2025 | −33,340 |
The best-educated, highest-earning state in the country still fell eight points toward Trump from 2020 to 2024.
- Best-educated, highest-earning
- 1st of 50 in bachelor’s degrees (47.3%) and median household income ($103,960 vs U.S. $80,734) · ACS 2024 5-year
- The 2024 slip
- D+33.2 (2020) → D+25.2 (2024) — an 8-pt shift to Trump, in step with the Northeast · MIT Election Lab
- Competitive in living memory
- Republican for president in 1980 and 1984 (Reagan R+2.8); Dukakis won his home state by just 7.9 in 1988 · MIT Election Lab
- The tightening southeast
- Bristol County (New Bedford, Fall River): D+11.9 (2020) → D+1.3 (2024) — the closest county in the state; Plymouth D+8.8 · MIT Election Lab
- The Democratic floor
- Boston’s Suffolk D+52.1 and Dukes D+52.4 lead; the university counties run wide — Hampshire D+41.7, Berkshire D+39.7, Middlesex D+39.2 · MIT Election Lab 2024
- Secular and Catholic-rooted
- 2nd of 50 in Catholic adherence (35.5%), yet 51% claim no religion · 2020 U.S. Religion Census (ASARB)
Political twins — states
The states whose fingerprint — 2000–2024 trajectory, demographics, ancestry, religion — sits closest to this one, and why.
Rhode Island
Rhode Island
75.8twin score
2000–2008 trajectory% Catholic≠ 12-yr trend
New Jersey
New Jersey
74.7twin score
% Catholicmedian income2000–2012 trajectory≠ 12-yr trend
Connecticut
Connecticut
72.5twin score
2000–2024 trajectory≠ elasticity
Twin score (0–100) = weighted cosine between tier-standardized fingerprints: presidential margins 2000–2024 with 12-yr trend and elasticity, ACS income, age, education, population and race, top reported ancestries, and religious adherence — chips name the closest-shared dimensions and the widest gap. Re-weight the groups in the twins explorer.
Compare two places, side by side
Twelve curated comparisons line up election history, demographics, and the divergence story for two places at a glance. Browse all comparisons →
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All citations released under CC BY 4.0. Attribution: Akashic Intelligence.
Massachusetts. Akashic. https://akashic.app/state/MA/. Accessed May 20, 2026. License: CC BY 4.0.
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Frequently asked questions
How did Massachusetts vote in 2024?
In 2024, Massachusetts voted Democratic by 25.2 points (D+25.2), carried by the Democratic candidate. Out of 3,473,668 votes cast, 2,126,518 went Democratic and 1,251,303 went Republican.
When did Massachusetts last vote Republican?
The most recent presidential election in which Massachusetts voted Republican was 1984.
How many people live in Massachusetts?
Massachusetts has a population of 7,044,056 according to the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates from the US Census Bureau.
What is the median household income in Massachusetts?
Median household income in Massachusetts is $103,960 — above the national median of $80,734. The Massachusetts state median is $103,960.
What is the political history of Massachusetts?
Akashic tracks 34 presidential elections in Massachusetts from 1892 to 2024. Of those, 22 went Democratic and 12 went Republican.