akashic
1876–2024
State Senate District 28·Florida

Florida 28th State Senate District voted Democratic for a century; it now votes Republican by 32 points.

18762024·38 elections
FL
Latest
R+32
in 2024
Archetype
Old Confederacy
since the recent cycles
Population
654,763
2024 ACS

Florida 28th State Senate District, Florida: Old Confederacy district. In 2024, voted R+32%. Democratic peak: D+98 in 1892.

Key facts

2024 presidential margin
R+32MIT Election Lab
Political archetype
Old ConfederacyAkashic typology
Population
654,7632024 5-year
Median household income
$83,3102024 5-year
White (non-Hispanic)
64.5%2024 5-year
Black
7.3%2024 5-year
Hispanic / Latino
29.0%2024 5-year
Peak Democratic margin
D+98 in 1892MIT Election Lab
Peak Republican margin
R+60 in 1972MIT Election Lab
4 counties · 0 D · 4 R
R+60
D+60
One cell per constituent county. Ordered by 2024 D-vs-R margin (bluest first). Hover for county-level numbers.
Source · MIT Election Lab · ICPSR · VEST (precinct-level 2024).
YearWonMarginDemocraticRepublicanTotal
R
−31.9%
112,210218,123332,515
R
−22.9%
123,845197,928323,900
R
−23.7%
98,410161,774267,379
R
−24.9%
85,298142,241228,996
R
−17.9%
90,797130,810223,382
R
−27.2%
72,436127,141201,484
R
−27.3%
52,45093,011148,635
R
−18.7%
44,28067,632124,880
R
−20.6%
35,54260,957123,435
R
−43.9%
25,47465,75091,786
R
−52.2%
18,95060,41279,374
R
−39.1%
17,65042,58863,810
R
−15.9%
19,11126,44946,248
R
−60.2%
6,40525,89032,363
R
−22.3%
5,11410,02922,024
R
−11.0%
6,9078,60815,515
R
−17.9%
4,5006,46510,965
R
−17.6%
3,4934,9888,481
R
−4.4%
3,1623,4536,615
D
+10.1%
1,5571,1833,698
D
+41.5%
2,4541,0163,469
D
+51.1%
2,7768983,674
D
+57.7%
2,3126202,932
D
+59.2%
1,7784552,233
R
−10.7%
8261,0281,885
D
+41.3%
502181778
D
+18.4%
246164445
D
+51.3%
19744298
D
+55.3%
11410188
D
+36.4%
7019140
D
+36.9%
7022130
D
+70.0%
731090
D
+46.3%
582082
D
+97.6%
41042
No data
O
+0.0%
111
No data
No data

Demographics

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry
Click any group to see the ancestries typically reported within it.
German
11.5%
Irish
10.6%
English
9.2%
Italian
7.9%
American
7.4%
Polish
3.1%
French
2.0%
Source · American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2024 release. Hispanic/Latino is an ethnicity that overlaps the race categories, so these shares can total more than 100%. Ancestry is a self-reported, multiple-response item; ancestry percentages do not sum to the parent race percentage.
Language at home
Population aged 5 and older
68.3%
speak English only
Spanish23.9%
Other Indo-European6.5%
Asian & Pacific Islander0.9%
Other languages0.3%
Source · ACS 5-year estimates, 2024.
Religious adherents
Adherents per capita by tradition
Catholic & Orthodox
29.6%
Other Christian
12.3%
Baptist
4.2%
Mainline Protestant
2.9%
Methodist
1.9%
Pentecostal & Holiness
1.9%
Non-Christian
0.9%
Source · 2020 US Religion Census. Remaining 46.2% of residents not counted as adherents by any reporting body.

Florida 28th State Senate District sits in the Gulf South and peninsula. For nearly a century after Reconstruction, the district voted Democratic — not because of New Deal politics, but because of the lingering memory of the Civil War. The Democratic party of the Solid South was the party of segregation, and in Florida 28th State Senate District as throughout the former Confederacy, Republican identification was politically untenable until the second half of the twentieth century.

The shift began with civil rights. 1952 marked the realignment in Florida 28th State Senate District, by a four points margin. The Republican margin reached its widest at sixty points in 1972. The 2024 margin was thirty-two points.

The political shift has tracked, in Florida 28th State Senate District, the political shift of the South more broadly. A 65% non-Hispanic-white share, a median household income of $83,310, and a 12% poverty rate describe the demographic context.

Compare two places, side by side

Twelve curated comparisons line up election history, demographics, and the divergence story for two places at a glance. Browse all comparisons →

Cite this page
All citations released under CC BY 4.0. Attribution: Akashic Intelligence.
State Senate District 28, Florida. Akashic. https://akashic.app/sld-upper/12028/. Accessed May 20, 2026. License: CC BY 4.0.
License: CC BY 4.0

Frequently asked questions

How did State Senate District 28, Florida vote in 2024?
In 2024, State Senate District 28, Florida voted Republican by 31.9 points (R+32), carried by the Republican candidate. Out of 332,515 votes cast, 112,210 went Democratic and 218,123 went Republican.
What is State Senate District 28, Florida's political archetype?
Akashic classifies State Senate District 28, Florida as a "Old Confederacy" district based on its long-arc presidential voting pattern. Across 38 elections in the dataset, the district has voted Democratic 14 times, Republican 20 times, and other 1 times.
When did State Senate District 28, Florida last vote Democratic?
The most recent presidential election in which State Senate District 28, Florida voted Democratic was 1948.
How many people live in State Senate District 28, Florida?
State Senate District 28, Florida has a population of 654,763 according to the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates from the US Census Bureau.
What is the median household income in State Senate District 28, Florida?
Median household income in State Senate District 28, Florida is $83,310 — above the national median of $80,734. The Florida state median is $74,568.
What is the political history of State Senate District 28, Florida?
Akashic tracks 38 presidential elections in State Senate District 28, Florida from 1876 to 2024. Of those, 14 went Democratic and 20 went Republican. The district's archetype — "Old Confederacy" — captures the overall trajectory of that voting record.